Clinical significance of glomerular C3 deposition in primary membranous nephropathy

Background We aimed to investigate the effects of glomerular C3 deposition on clinical, histopathological features, and outcomes of patients with primary membranous nephropathy (MN). Methods A total of 261 patients with biopsy-proven primary MN, who were on follow up for at least 6 months, were included in the study. The patients were grouped according to their C3 immunostaining in kidney biopsy samples at the time of diagnosis: Low intensity [LI; (C3 1 +)] and high intensity [HI; (C3 2 + or C3 3 +)]. The primary outcome was the development of kidney failure. Complete (CR) or partial remission (PR) was defined as secondary outcome. Results Sixteen patients reached the primary outcome after a median follow-up of 33.8 months. Patients in the high intensity group (119 cases) had lower eGFR and higher proteinuria at admission and last follow-up compared to patients in the low intensity group (142 cases). Also, more patients in the high intensity group reached the primary outcome compared to patients in the low intensity group: twelve patients (10.1%) in the high intensity group and four patients (2.8%) in the low intensity group reached the primary outcome (p = 0.015). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that patients in the high intensity group had a higher risk for kidney failure (p = 0.02). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, high intensity C3 deposition and initial estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) indepenently predicted primary outcome. Conclusion Extensive glomerular C3 deposition is a predictor of kidney failure in patients with MN.

Automated summary

This study found that the extent of glomerular C3 deposition is associated with the development of kidney failure in patients with primary membranous nephropathy. Patients with high intensity C3 deposition had lower eGFR, higher proteinuria, and were more likely to experience kidney failure compared to those with low intensity C3 deposition.