Amyloid β aggregation inhibitory activity of triterpene saponins from the cactus Stenocereus pruinosus

Six new triterpene saponins (1-5,7) and 3 known saponins (6,8,9) were isolated from MeOH extracts of the cactus Stenocereus pruinosus. The structures of the isolated saponins were elucidated using MS, IR, and comprehensive NMR measurements. To develop drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) on the basis of the amyloid cascade hypothesis, the isolated saponins were evaluated for inhibition of BACE1 activity and amyloid beta (A beta) aggregation using thioflavin-T assay, and triterpenes as an aglycone moiety and an alkaline hydrolysate of the saponins were also evaluated. One saponin, stenoside A (7), exhibited inhibitory activity related to A beta aggregation and its degree of A beta aggregation was 40.6% at 100 mu M. Graphic abstract

Automated summary

In this study, six new triterpene saponins and three known saponins were isolated from MeOH extracts of the cactus Stenocereus pruinosus. The isolated saponins were characterized using MS, IR, and comprehensive NMR measurements. Evaluation of the saponins for inhibition of BACE1 activity and amyloid beta aggregation showed potential for drug development for Alzheimer's disease, with stenoside A exhibiting inhibitory activity related to A beta aggregation.