Journal
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY
Volume 114, Issue 1, Pages 339-347Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa314
Keywords
Thrips palmi; spinosyns; nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; mutation; molecular diagnostics
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Funding
- Promotion and Innovation Program of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS) [KJCX20180415]
- Joint Laboratory of Pest Control Research Between China and Australia (Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission) [Z201100008320013]
- AGPIP initiative of the Grains Research and Development Corporation
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Putative mechanisms underlying spinosyn resistance have been identified in controlled studies on many species; however, mechanisms underlying field-evolved resistance and the development of a molecular diagnostic method for monitoring field resistance have lagged behind. Our study in China found that the field-evolved resistance of T. palmi to spinetoram is mainly conferred by the G275E mutation, which provides a useful diagnostic marker for quantifying resistance levels in field populations of T. palmi.
Putative mechanisms underlying spinosyn resistance have been identified in controlled studies on many species; however, mechanisms underlying field-evolved resistance and the development of a molecular diagnostic method for monitoring field resistance have lagged behind. Here, we examined levels of resistance of melon thrips, Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera:Thripidae), to spinetoram as well as target site mutations in field populations across China to identify potential mechanisms and useful molecular markers for diagnostic and quantifying purposes. In resistant populations, we identified the G275E mutation, which has previously been linked to spinosyns resistance, and F314V mutation, both located in the alpha 6 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. There was a strong correlation between levels of spinetoram resistance and allele frequency of G275E mutation in field-collected populations (r(2) = 0.84) and those reared under laboratory conditions for two to five generations (r(2) = 0.91). LC50 ranged from 0.12 to 0.66 mg/liter in populations without G275E mutation, whereas it ranged from 33.12 to 39.91 mg/liter in most populations with a G275E mutation frequency more than 90%. Our results indicate that the field-evolved resistance of T. palmi to spinetoram in China is mainly conferred by the G275E mutation. The frequency of the G275E mutation provides a useful diagnostic for quantifying resistance levels in field populations of T. palmi.
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