Journal
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY A-NEUROETHOLOGY SENSORY NEURAL AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 207, Issue 2, Pages 191-204Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s00359-020-01458-y
Keywords
Strain gauge; Mechanical sensitivity; Joint load; Locomotion; Sensory strain reception
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Funding
- German Science Foundation (DFG)
- Austrian Research Fund (FWF)
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The study critically reviews the measurement of cuticular strain during locomotion using foil strain gauges, providing insights into the loads of the exoskeleton bears and the adaptive value of natural strain detectors. Results show that strain induced at various sites in the tibia during free locomotion can be interpreted based on strain/load ratio and beam theory beyond the joint region. The study also discusses the importance and limitations of strain gauge technology in studying freely moving spiders.
The measurement of cuticular strain during locomotion using foil strain gauges provides information both on the loads of the exoskeleton bears and the adaptive value of the specific location of natural strain detectors (slit sense organs). Here, we critically review available literature. In tethered animals, by applying loads to the metatarsus tip, strain and mechanical sensitivity (S = strain/load) induced at various sites in the tibia were determined. The loci of the lyriform organs close to the tibia-metatarsus joint did not stand out by high strain. The strains induced at various sites during free locomotion can be interpreted based on S and, beyond the joint region, on beam theory. Spiders avoided laterad loading of the tibia-metatarsus joint during slow locomotion. Balancing body weight, joint flexors caused compressive strain at the posterior and dorsal tibia. While climbing upside down strain measurements indicate strong flexor activity. In future studies, a precise calculation and quantitative determination of strain at the sites of the lyriform organs will profit from more detailed data on the overall strain distribution, morphology, and material properties. The values and caveats of the strain gauge technology, the only one applicable to freely moving spiders, are discussed.
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