Variability and selection among mutant families of wheat for biomass allocation, yield and yield-related traits under drought-stressed and non-stressed conditions

Genetic variation is fundamental for plant breeding programmes. Exploiting the genetic variation of wheat for biomass allocation, yield and yield-related traits enhances breeding for drought tolerance. The aim of this study was to evaluate genetic variation and to select best individuals among 180 M-3 mutant families of wheat developed through EMS mutagenesis based on better biomass allocation to root systems, desirable agronomic traits and high yield potential under greenhouse and field environment evaluations with drought-stressed and non-stressed conditions. Experiments were conducted using a randomized complete block design with two replications. Days to 50% heading (DTH), days to 90% maturity (DTM), plant height (PH), number of productive tillers (PTN), shoot biomass (SB), root biomass (RB), total biomass (TB), root-shoot ratio (RSR), spike length (SL), spikelet per spike (SPS), one thousand seed weight (TSW) and grain yield (GY) were collected. Mutant families showed significant genotypic (p < .05) variation for yield and biomass traits, whereas genotype x environment x water regime interaction effects were significant (p < .05) for DTM, SB, TB, TSW and GY. Superior families designated as 52, 159, 103, 126 and 145 were selected for improved drought tolerance and high biomass allocation to roots.

Automated summary

Genetic variation in wheat plays a crucial role in breeding for drought tolerance. This study evaluated genetic variation among 180 M-3 mutant families of wheat and selected top performing families for improved drought tolerance and biomass allocation to roots. Significant genotypic variation was observed for yield and biomass traits, highlighting the importance of genetic diversity in plant breeding programs.