A model of culturally-informed integrated diabetes education and eye screening in indigenous primary care services and specialist diabetes clinics: Study protocol

Aims To improve diabetes management in Indigenous Australians using an integrated nurse-led model of diabetes education and eye screening in indigenous primary care and specialist diabetes clinics. Design A pre-post study. Methods This study will be implemented in indigenous primary care and specialist diabetes clinics in Victoria, Australia. Participants recruited to the study will be existing adult patient with diagnosed diabetes attending study sites. A nurse-credentialled diabetes educator and certified retinal imager will deliver three study components: (a) retinal photography as a diabetic retinopathy screening and patient engagement tool; (b) lifestyle and behaviour surveys, administered at baseline and at the final visit, in 12 months. Findings from the surveys and participants' retinal images will be used to guide; and (c) personalized diabetes education. The primary outcomes are participant adherence to diabetic eye screening recommendations and health service diabetic retinopathy screening coverage. Secondary outcomes are baseline DR prevalence and changes in clinical and lifestyle risk factor levels, diabetes knowledge and satisfaction with diabetes care. Discussion Compared with non-indigenous Australians, Indigenous Australians have a high prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and blindness, low adherence to eye screening recommendations and suboptimal health literacy. Nurse-credentialled diabetes educators can be trained to incorporate retinal imaging and eye screening into their clinical practice to give image-based diabetes education to facilitate diabetic retinopathy management. Impact Credentialled nurse diabetes educators who integrate eye screening and diabetes education can facilitate timelier diabetic retinopathy screening, referral pathways and treatment of sight-threatening retinopathy. We believe that this model of integrated diabetes education and eye screening will also improve adherence to eye screening recommendations, population screening coverage, health literacy, risk factor levels and diabetes self-care.

Automated summary

The study aims to improve diabetes management in Indigenous Australians by integrating nurse-led diabetes education and eye screening. Nurses will conduct retinal photography for diabetic retinopathy screening, administer lifestyle surveys, and provide personalized diabetes education. The study seeks to enhance adherence to eye screening recommendations, population screening coverage, health literacy, and diabetes self-care.