Stereotactic Ablative Radiation Therapy to All Lesions in Patients With Oligometastatic Cancers: A Phase 1 Dose-Escalation Trial

Purpose: Increasing evidence suggests that patients with a limited number of metastases benefit from SABR to all lesions. However, the optimal dose and fractionation remain unknown. This is particularly true for bone and lymph node metastases. Therefore, a prospective, single-center, dose-escalation trial was initiated. Methods: Dose-Escalation trial of STereotactic ablative body RadiOtherapY for non-spine bone and lymph node metastases (DESTROY) was an open-label phase 1 trial evaluating SABR to nonspine bone and lymph node lesions in patients with up to 3 metastases. Patients with European Cooperative Oncology Group performance status <= 1, an estimated life expectancy of at least 6 months, and histologically confirmed nonhematological malignancy were eligible. Three SABR fractionation regimens, ie, 5 fractions of 7.0 Gy versus 3 fractions of 10.0 Gy versus a single fraction of 20.0 Gy, were applied in 3 consecutive patient cohorts. The rate of >= grade 3 toxicity, scored according to the Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events v. 4.03, up to 6 months after SABR, was the primary endpoint. The trial was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03486431). Results: Between July 2017 and December 2018, 90 patients were enrolled. In total 101 metastases were treated. No >= grade 3 toxicity was observed in any of the enrolled patients (95% CI 0.0%- 12.3% for the first cohort with 28 analyzable patients; 95% CI 0.0%-11.6% for the second and third cohort with 30 analyzable patients each). Treatment-related grade 2 toxicities occurred in 4 out of 30 versus 2 out of 30 versus 2 out of 30 patients for the 5, 3 and 1 fraction schedule, respectively. Actuarial local control rate at 12 months was 94.5%. Conclusion: All 3 treatment schedules were feasible and effective with remarkably low toxicity rates and high local control rates. From a patient and resource point of view, the single-fraction schedule is undoubtedly most convenient. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Automated summary

The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of SABR for non-spine bone and lymph node metastases and investigate the impact of different dose fractionations. Results showed that all three treatment schedules were feasible and effective with significantly low toxicity rates and high local control rates.