Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 22, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031008
Keywords
anemia; chronic kidney disease; iron therapy; ferric citrate; hypoxia-inducible factor
Funding
- Ministry of Science and Technology, ROC [MOST 109-2314-B-075-066, 109-2314-B-010-056-MY3]
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital [V108D42004-MY3-2, V109D50-001-MY3-1, V109C-114, V109B-016, V110C-149]
- 'Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B)' from The Featured Areas Research Center Program within the framework of the Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education (MOE) in Taiwan
- Szu-Yuan Research Foundation of Internal Medicine
- Foundation for Poison Control
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Anemia is a common issue in patients with chronic kidney disease, and novel iron replacement therapies have shown to be effective in reducing medical costs and improving anemia in these patients.
Anemia affects millions of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and prompt iron supplementation can lead to reductions in the required dose of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, thereby reducing medical costs. Oral and intravenous (IV) traditional iron preparations are considered far from ideal, primarily due to gastrointestinal intolerability and the potential risk of infusion reactions, respectively. Fortunately, the emergence of novel iron replacement therapies has engendered a paradigm shift in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in patients with CKD. For example, oral ferric citrate is an efficacious and safe phosphate binder that increases iron stores to maintain hemoglobin levels. Additional benefits include reductions in fibroblast growth factor 23 levels and the activation of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D. The new-generation IV iron preparations ferumoxytol, iron isomaltoside 1000, and ferric carboxymaltose are characterized by a reduced risk of infusion reactions and are clinically well tolerated as a rapid high-dose infusion. In patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD), ferric pyrophosphate citrate (FPC) administered through dialysate enables the replacement of ongoing uremic and HD-related iron loss. FPC transports iron directly to transferrin, bypassing the reticuloendothelial system and avoiding iron sequestration. Moreover, this paper summarizes recent advancements of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors and future perspectives in renal anemia management.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available