Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 22, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010073
Keywords
CD4 T cell; Th1; Th2; Th17; Th22; Treg; Tfh; human leukocyte antigen (HLA); structural biology
Funding
- Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)
- Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship
- NHMRC Senior Research fellowship [1159272]
- NHMRC ECF fellowship [1110429]
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CD4(+) T cells are crucial in controlling and clearing infections as a major arm of cellular immune response. They are heterogeneous and can be divided into six main lineages with distinct profiles. Recent advances in structural biology have allowed for a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving CD4(+) T cell recognition of pathogens.
As a major arm of the cellular immune response, CD4(+) T cells are important in the control and clearance of infections. Primarily described as helpers, CD4(+) T cells play an integral role in the development and activation of B cells and CD8(+) T cells. CD4(+) T cells are incredibly heterogeneous, and can be divided into six main lineages based on distinct profiles, namely T helper 1, 2, 17 and 22 (Th1, Th2, Th17, Th22), regulatory T cells (Treg) and T follicular helper cells (Tfh). Recent advances in structural biology have allowed for a detailed characterisation of the molecular mechanisms that drive CD4(+) T cell recognition. In this review, we discuss the defining features of the main human CD4(+) T cell lineages and their role in immunity, as well as their structural characteristics underlying their detection of pathogens.
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