Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 22, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031213
Keywords
cardio-diabesity; inflammation; oxidative stress; nutraceuticals; plant foods
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This review emphasizes the impact of the Mediterranean Diet on GDM and GWG during the COVID-19 era, as well as the role of IL-6 in diabesity. The Mediterranean Diet, rich in beneficial nutrients, improves the immune system, lowers IL-6 levels, and helps prevent the development of diabesity.
The aim of this review is to highlight the influence of the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and Gestational Weight Gain (GWG) during the COVID-19 pandemic era and the specific role of interleukin (IL)-6 in diabesity. It is known that diabetes, high body mass index, high glycated hemoglobin and raised serum IL-6 levels are predictive of poor outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The immunopathological mechanisms of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection include rising levels of several cytokines and in particular IL-6. The latter is associated with hyperglycemia and insulin resistance and could be useful for predicting the development of GDM. Rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals, MedDiet improves the immune system and could modulate IL-6, C reactive protein and Nuclear Factor (NF)-kappa B. Moreover, polyphenols could modulate microbiota composition, inhibit the NF-kappa B pathway, lower IL-6, and upregulate antioxidant enzymes. Finally, adhering to the MedDiet prior to and during pregnancy could have a protective effect, reducing GWG and the risk of GDM, as well as improving the immune response to viral infections such as COVID-19.
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