Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 22, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020684
Keywords
mesenchymal stem cell; exosome; hydrogel; osteogenesis; angiogenesis; tissue engineering; biomaterial
Funding
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research [159577]
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Tissue engineering has a long history in regenerative medicine, and methods such as cell-encapsulated hydrogels and exosomes can enhance the regenerative potential of various tissues, with hydrogels being the most user-friendly, economical, and accessible material for encapsulation.
Tissue engineering has been an inveterate area in the field of regenerative medicine for several decades. However, there remains limitations to engineer and regenerate tissues. Targeted therapies using cell-encapsulated hydrogels, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are capable of reducing inflammation and increasing the regenerative potential in several tissues. In addition, the use of MSC-derived nano-scale secretions (i.e., exosomes) has been promising. Exosomes originate from the multivesicular division of cells and have high therapeutic potential, yet neither self-replicate nor cause auto-immune reactions to the host. To maintain their biological activity and allow a controlled release, these paracrine factors can be encapsulated in biomaterials. Among the different types of biomaterials in which exosome infusion is exploited, hydrogels have proven to be the most user-friendly, economical, and accessible material. In this paper, we highlight the importance of MSCs and MSC-derived exosomes in tissue engineering and the different biomaterial strategies used in fabricating exosome-based biomaterials, to facilitate hard and soft tissue engineering.
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