Modulation of Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells by Polypyrrole: The Impact on Neurogenesis

The active role of biomaterials in the regeneration of tissues and their ability to modulate the behavior of stem cells in terms of their differentiation is highly advantageous. Here, polypyrrole, as a representantive of electro-conducting materials, is found to modulate the behavior of embryonic stem cells. Concretely, the aqueous extracts of polypyrrole induce neurogenesis within embryonic bodies formed from embryonic stem cells. This finding ledto an effort to determine the physiological cascade which is responsible for this effect. The polypyrrole modulates signaling pathways of Akt and ERK kinase through their phosphorylation. These effects are related to the presence of low-molecular-weight compounds present in aqueous polypyrrole extracts, determined by mass spectroscopy. The results show that consequences related to the modulation of stem cell differentiation must also be taken into account when polypyrrole is considered as a biomaterial.

Automated summary

Polypyrrole, as a representative of electro-conducting biomaterials, has been found to induce neurogenesis in embryonic bodies formed from embryonic stem cells through modulating signaling pathways. This effect is attributed to low-molecular-weight compounds present in aqueous polypyrrole extracts, leading to the importance of considering stem cell differentiation modulation when using polypyrrole as a biomaterial.