Chitosan based-nanoparticles and nanocapsules: Overview, physicochemical features, applications of a nanofibrous scaffold, and bioprinting

Recent advancements in the synthesis, properties, and applications of chitosan as the second after cellulose available biopolymer in nature were discussed in this review. A general overview of processing and production procedures from A to Z was highlighted. Chitosan exists in three polymorphic forms which differ in degree of crystallinity (alpha,beta, and gamma). Thus, the degree of deacetylation, crystallinity, surface area, andmolecular mass significantly affect most applications. Otherwise, the synthesis of chitosan nanofibers is suffering from many drawbacks that were recently treated by co-electrospun with other polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene oxide (PEO), and polycaprolactone (PCL). Ultimately, this review focuses on the area of new trend utilization of chitosan nanoparticles as nanospheres and nanocapsules, in cartilage and bone regenerative medicine. Owing to its biocompatibility, bioavailability, biodegradability, and costless synthesis, chitosan is a promising biopolymeric structure for water remediation, drug delivery, antimicrobials, and tissue engineering. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Chitosan, as a significant biopolymer, has been extensively studied in synthesis, properties, and applications. The morphology, crystallinity, and molecular weight of chitosan affect its applications. Recent research indicates that the synthesis of chitosan nanofibers can be optimized by co-electrospinning with other polymers.