4.7 Article

Impact of 3-D Structures and Their Radiation on Thermal Infrared Measurements in Urban Areas

Journal

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
Volume 58, Issue 12, Pages 8412-8426

Publisher

IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2020.2987880

Keywords

Roads; Urban areas; Land surface temperature; Solid modeling; Analytical models; Numerical models; Buildings; 3-D; land surface temperature (LST); radiative transfer; thermal infrared (TIR); urban areas

Funding

  1. China Scholarship Council (CSC)

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Land surface temperature (LST) is a key parameter for many fields of study. Currently, LST retrieved from satellite thermal infrared (TIR) measurements is attainable with an accuracy of about 1 K for most natural flat surfaces. However, over urban areas, TIR measurements are influenced by 3-D structures and their radiation that could degrade the performance of existing LST retrieval algorithms. Therefore, quantitative models are needed to investigate such impact. Current 3-D radiative transfer models are generally based on time-consuming numerical integrations whose solutions are not analytical, and are therefore difficult to exploit in the methods of physical retrieval of LST in urban areas. This article proposes an analytical TIR radiative transfer model over urban (ATIMOU) areas that considers the impact of 3-D structures and their radiation. The magnitude of this impact on TIR measurements is investigated in detail, using ATIMOU, under various conditions. Simulations show that failure to acknowledge this impact can potentially introduce a 1.87-K bias to the ground brightness temperature for street canyon whose ratio wall height/road width is 2, wall and road temperature is 300 K, wall emissivity is 0.906, and road emissivity is 0.950. This bias reaches 4.60 K if road emissivity decreases to 0.921, and road temperature decreases to 260 K. ATIMOU is also compared to the discrete anisotropic radiative transfer (DART) model. Small mean absolute error of 0.10 K was found between the models regarding the simulated ground brightness temperatures, indicating that ATIMOU is in good agreement with DART.

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