Journal
IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS
Volume 56, Issue 1, Pages 254-266Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2020.3005788
Keywords
Servers; Crowdsourcing; Extraterrestrial measurements; Economics; Business; Upper bound; All-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL); Bluetooth 5 (BT5); Bluetooth low energy (BLE); carrier frequency offset (CFO) compensation; digitally intensive transceiver; low-power transceiver; low-voltage transceiver; phase-tracking receiver
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The study introduces a 0.8V Bluetooth 5 digitally intensive transceiver with phase-tracking RX and digital TX, achieving high sensitivity and efficiency in RX mode through loop-delay compensation and frequency calibration techniques.
A 0.8-V Bluetooth 5 (BT5) digitally intensive transceiver with a phase-tracking RX and a digital TX in 40-nm CMOS is presented. For the phase-tracking RX, a hybrid loop filter with a loop-delay compensation is proposed to suppress digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) sidelobe energy, enhancing interference resilience. To facilitate the DCO-based phase-tracking RX for the reception of BT5 signals, a corresponding digital baseband is implemented with a carrier frequency offset (CFO) calibration to remove the initial static CFO error during the preamble, while an automatic frequency calibration tackles the frequency drift during the payload. An all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL)-based digital frequency-modulation (FM) interface shared between TX and RX provides a precise deviation frequency control, ensuring the quality of signal transmission and reception. In the RX mode, the chip consumes 2.3 mW from a 0.8-V supply, achieving a figure of merit (FoM) of 180 dB with -91-/-94-dBm sensitivity at 2/1 Mb/s. In the TX mode, it consumes 6.1 mW when delivering a maximum 1.8-dBm output power, resulting in 25% TX system efficiency.
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