Journal
HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY
Volume 155, Issue 2, Pages 301-308Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01955-w
Keywords
Lung biology; Lung organoids; Advanced microscopy; Organoid methodologies
Categories
Funding
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- University of Vermont Cancer Center
- Larner College of Medicine
- NHLBI [R35 HL135828, R01 HL137268]
- Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation
- NCI [R01 CA219156]
- University of Vermont Lung Center
- NIH from the National Center for Research Resources [SCR_018821, 1S10OD025030-01]
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The lung consists of more than 40 distinct cell types that form a complex 3D structure necessary for efficient lung function. Understanding and analyzing lung structures is crucial for studying lung function and disease development. Technologies allowing investigation of lung function in its entirety are essential for a comprehensive understanding of lung biology.
The lung is comprised of more than 40 distinct cell types that support a complex 3-dimensional (3D) architecture that is required for efficient lung function. Loss of this proper architecture can accommodate and promote lung disease, highlighting researchers' growing need to analyze lung structures in detail. Additionally, in vivo cellular and molecular response to chemical and physical signals, along with the recapitulation of gene-expression patterns, can be lost during the transition from complex 3D tissues to 2D cell culture systems. Therefore, technologies that allow for the investigation of lung function under normal and disease states utilizing the entirety of the lung architecture are required to generate a complete understanding of these processes. Airway cell-derived organoids that can recapitulate lung structure and function ex vivo while being amenable to experimental manipulation, have provided a new and exciting model system to investigate lung biology. In this perspective, we discuss emerging technologies for culturing lung-derived organoids, techniques to visualize organoids using high-resolution microscopy and the resulting information extracted from organoids supporting research focused on lung function and diseases.
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