Journal
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
Volume 48, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1029/2020GL090700
Keywords
ASIM; Cloud Optics; Leader; Streamer; TGF
Categories
Funding
- ESA
- ESA PRODEX [C 4000115884, 4000123438]
- European Research Council [320839]
- Research Council of Norway [223252/F50]
- Ministerio Ciencia e Innovacion grant [ESP 2017-86263-C4, PID2019-109269RB]
- European Union [722337]
- Federal Ministry for Education and Research of Germany through the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
- European Research Council (ERC) [320839] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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The Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor measured Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes (TGFs) and optical emissions related to lightning activity, finding that TGFs are associated with optical emissions and 90% of them occur at the onset of large optical pulses, supporting the leader-streamer mechanism for TGF generation.
The Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor measures Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes (TGFs) simultaneously with optical emissions from associated lightning activity. We analyzed optical measurements at 180-230, 337, and 777.4 nm related to 69 TGFs observed between June 2018 and October 2019. All TGFs are associated with optical emissions and 90% of them are at the onset of a large optical pulse, suggesting that they are connected with the initiation of current surges. A model of photon delay induced by cloud scattering suggests that the sources of the optical pulses are from 0.7 ms before to 4.4 ms after the TGFs, with a median of -10 +/- 80 mu s, and 1-5 km below the cloud top. The pulses have rise times comparable to lightning but longer durations. Pulse amplitudes at 337 nm are similar to 3 times larger than at 777.4 nm. The results support the leader-streamer mechanism for TGF generation.
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