Journal
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
Volume 48, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1029/2020GL090849
Keywords
CMIP6; Ocean modeling; Southern Annular Mode; Southern Ocean; Westerly winds
Categories
Funding
- Australian Research Council [CE170100023, FL150100035]
- University of New South Wales
- Earth Science and Climate Change Hub of the Australian Government's National Environmental Science Program (NESP)
- QNLM
- CSIRO
- UNSW
- UTAS
- Australian Research Council [FL150100035, CE170100023] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
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The Southern Hemisphere surface westerlies play a significant role in controlling regional climate patterns, ocean circulation, and carbon uptake. Research based on CMIP5, CMIP6, and reanalysis data reveals historical and projected changes in Southern Hemisphere westerly winds, including a reduction in poleward shift and an increase in wind intensity under high emission scenarios.
The Southern Hemisphere (SH) surface westerlies fundamentally control regional patterns of air temperature, storm tracks, and precipitation while also regulating ocean circulation, heat transport and carbon uptake. Wind-forced ocean perturbation experiments commonly apply idealized poleward wind shifts ranging between 0.5 and 10 degrees of latitude and wind intensification factors of between 10% and 300%. In addition, changes in winds are often prescribed ad hoc as a zonally uniform anomaly that neglects important regional and seasonal differences. Here we quantify historical and projected SH westerly wind changes based on examination of CMIP5, CMIP6, and reanalysis data. We find a significant reduction in the location bias of the CMIP6 ensemble and an associated reduction in the projected poleward shift compared to CMIP5. Under a high emission scenario, we find a projected end of 21st Century ensemble mean wind increase of similar to 10% and a poleward shift of similar to 0.8 degrees latitude, although there are important seasonal and regional variations.
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