Effects of oncolytic viruses and viral vectors on immunity in glioblastoma

Glioblastoma (GBM) is regarded as an incurable disease due to its poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Virotherapies were once utilized on cancers for their oncolytic effects. And they are being revived on GBM treatment, as accumulating evidence presents the immunogenic effects of virotherapies in remodeling immunosuppressive GBM microenvironment. In this review, we focus on the immune responses induced by oncolytic virotherapies and viral vectors in GBM. The current developments of GBM virotherapies are briefly summarized, followed by a detailed depiction of their immune response. Limitations and lessons inferred from earlier experiments and trials are discussed. Moreover, we highlight the importance of engaging the immune responses induced by virotherapies into the multidisciplinary management of GBM.

Automated summary

This review focuses on the immune responses induced by virotherapies and viral vectors in glioblastoma (GBM) treatment. It briefly summarizes the current developments of GBM virotherapies and provides a detailed depiction of their immune response. The limitations and lessons learned from earlier experiments and trials are discussed, highlighting the importance of integrating the immune responses induced by virotherapies into multidisciplinary management of GBM.