Journal
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
Volume 139, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109963
Keywords
Mango (Mangifera indica L.); Ataulfo; By-product; Peel; Phenolic compounds; Gut microbiota; In vitro model of the human colon; Bioconversion
Categories
Funding
- Science and Technology for Development Program (CYTED) through the Ibero-American Network of Underutilized Autonomous Foods (ALSUB-CYTED) [118RT0543]
- CONACYT-Mexico [260935]
- Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities [AGL2015-69986-R]
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The study found that polyphenols in mango 'Ataulfo' peel can be bioconverted by gut microbiota in a dynamic in vitro human colon model. Derivatives of hydroxyphenylpropionic, hydroxyphenylacetic and hydroxybenzoic acids, as well as pyrogallol, were the main polyphenols identified. Some microbial-derived metabolites, such as xanthone and benzophenone derivatives, remained stable after colonic fermentation.
Gut microbiota bioconversion of polyphenols in predigested mango 'Ataulfo' peel was studied using a validated, dynamic in vitro human colon model (TIM-2) with faecal microbial inoculum. Dried peels were predigested with enzymatic treatment, followed by TIM-2 fermentation (72 h). Samples were taken at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h and analyzed by HPLC-QToF. Derivatives of hydroxyphenylpropionic, hydroxyphenylacetic and hydroxybenzoic acids, as well as, pyrogallol were the main polyphenols identified. These metabolites might derivate from flavonoid (flavanols and flavonols), gallate and gallotannin biotransformation. Despite the high content of ellagic acid in mango peel, low amounts were detected in TIM-2 samples due to transformation into urolythins A and C, mainly. Xanthone and benzophenone derivatives, specific to mango, remained after the colonic biotransformation, contrary to flavonoids, which completely disappeared. In conclusion, microbial-derived metabolites, such as xanthone and benzophenone derivatives, among others, are partially stable after colonic fermentation, and thus have the potential to contribute to mango peel bioactivity.
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