TRPV4 integrates matrix mechanosensing with Ca2+ signaling to regulate extracellular matrix remodeling

In healthy connective tissues, mechanosensors trigger the generation of Ca2+ signals, which enable cells to maintain the structure of the fibrillar collagen matrix through actomyosin contractile forces. Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) is a mechanosensitive Ca2+-permeable channel that, when expressed in cell-matrix adhesions of the plasma membrane, regulates extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. In high prevalence disorders such as fibrosis and tumor metastasis, dysregulated matrix remodeling is associated with disruptions of Ca2+ homeostasis and TRPV4 function. Here, we consider that ECM polymers transmit cell-activating mechanical signals to TRPV4 in cell adhesions. When activated, TRPV4 regulates fibrillar collagen remodeling, thereby altering the mechanical properties of the ECM. In this review, we integrate functionally connected processes of matrix remodeling to highlight how TRPV4 in cell adhesions and matrix mechanics are reciprocally regulated through Ca2+ signaling.

Automated summary

In healthy tissues, mechanosensors trigger the generation of Ca2+ signals for maintaining cell structure, while in diseases, dysregulated matrix remodeling is associated with disruptions of Ca2+ homeostasis and TRPV4 function. This review highlights the reciprocal regulation between TRPV4 in cell adhesions and matrix mechanics through Ca2+ signaling.