Evaluation of the in vitro anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic potential of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Origanum syriacum and Salvia lanigera leaves

In this study, the chemical compositions of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Origanum syriacum and Salvia lanigera were identified based on GC-MS spectrometric analyses. The in vitro anti-inflammatory potential of the different extracts was evaluated by determining the membrane stabilization of human red blood cells and the percent inhibition of the COX1/2, 5LOX, and sPLA(2)-V enzymes. Both ethanolic extracts showed maximum membrane stabilization (<= 91%, at 100 mu g/mL) compared to the aqueous extracts (<= 45%) and the reference drug diclofenac sodium (90.75%). The membrane-stabilizing effects of the ethanolic extracts could be directly correlated to their anti-inflammatory activity. While both ethanolic fractions strongly inhibited the 5LOX and COX-1 enzymes at 100 mu g/mL, only the O. syriacum ethanolic extract selectively inhibited sPLA(2)-V (99.35%, at 50 mu g/mL). The differences in the pharmacological efficiencies of the different extracts could be attributed to the variation in their chemical compositions particularly the content of oxygenated monoterpenoids. Additionally, none of the ethanolic extracts demonstrated cytotoxicity to human colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT-116 and Lovo), even at the highest concentration tested (200 mu g/mL). The safe profiles of these extracts towards the tested cell lines may be due to the absence of the toxic phthalic acid ester substances. Collectively, these findings clearly suggest that the studied ethanolic extracts of O. syriacum and S. lanigera can be considered interesting candidates for the treatment of human inflammatory diseases related to oxidative stress and microbial infections.

Automated summary

The ethanolic extracts of Origanum syriacum and Salvia lanigera showed anti-inflammatory and membrane-stabilizing effects without cytotoxicity to colorectal cancer cell lines. The differences in their pharmacological efficiencies may be attributed to their chemical compositions, particularly the content of oxygenated monoterpenoids. These extracts are promising candidates for treating inflammatory diseases related to oxidative stress and microbial infections.