Journal
DEVELOPMENT
Volume 143, Issue 21, Pages 3871-3881Publisher
COMPANY BIOLOGISTS LTD
DOI: 10.1242/dev.136556
Keywords
RNA methylation; 5-methylcytosine; N-6-methyladenosine; Pseudouridylation; Post-transcriptional modifications; Stem cells
Categories
Funding
- Cancer Research UK (CR-UK)
- Worldwide Cancer Research
- Medical Research Council (MRC)
- European Research Council (ERC)
- European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO)
- Wellcome Trust
- MRC
- MRC [MR/M01939X/1, G0801904] Funding Source: UKRI
- Cancer Research UK [15181] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [MC_PC_12009, MR/M01939X/1, G0801904] Funding Source: researchfish
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Cells adapt to their environment by linking external stimuli to an intricate network of transcriptional, post-transcriptional and translational processes. Among these, mechanisms that couple environmental cues to the regulation of protein translation are not well understood. Chemical modifications of RNA allow rapid cellular responses to external stimuli by modulating a wide range of fundamental biochemical properties and processes, including the stability, splicing and translation of messenger RNA. In this Review, we focus on the occurrence of N-6-methyladenosine (m(6)A), 5-methylcytosine (m(5)C) and pseudouridine (psi) in RNA, and describe how these RNA modifications are implicated in regulating pluripotency, stem cell self-renewal and fate specification. Both post-transcriptional modifications and the enzymes that catalyse them modulate stem cell differentiation pathways and are essential for normal development.
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