Journal
CYTOKINE
Volume 137, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155319
Keywords
Leishmania donovani; Lupeol; Amphotericin B; Inflammatory cytokine; p38 MAPK
Funding
- ICMR [55/5/2012-(Pt.IV)-BMS]
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The combination of sub-optimal doses of lupeol and AmpB significantly reduces parasitic burden in the liver and spleen and enhances immune modulation effects in L. donovani-infected mice. This combination also increases nitric oxide production, suppresses Th2 cytokine production, and reduces phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase.
Leishmania donovani, a protozoan parasite, inflicts the disease Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) Worldwide. The only orally bioavailable drug miltefosine is toxic, whereas liposomal amphotericin B (AmpB) is expensive. Lupeol, a triterpenoid from Sterculia villosa bark, was exhibited immunomodulatory and anti-leishmanial activity in experimental VL. Herein, we evaluated synergism between sub-optimum dose of AmpB and lupeol in anti-leishmanial and immunomodulatory effects in L. donovani-infected BALB/c mice. We observed that a combination of sub-optimum dose of lupeol and AmpB significantly reduced the hepatic and splenic parasitic burden accompanied by enhanced nitric oxide production, robust induction of Th1 cytokines (IL-12 and IFN-gamma) but suppressed Th2 cytokine (IL-10 and TGF beta) production. The treatment with the lupeol-AmpB combination enhanced p38mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), but reduced extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK-1/2), phosphorylation and up-regulated pro-inflammatory response. The present work thus indicates a lupeol-AmpBmediated immunotherapeutic approach for eliminating the parasite-induced immunosuppression.
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