New Avenues in Radiotherapy of Glioblastoma: from Bench to Bedside

Purpose of Review This review presents the new updates in treatment by radiotherapy of patients with glioblastoma. Despite the standard treatment, patients with glioblastoma present a relapse quasi-systematic observed in radiation fields with recurrent tumors resistant to therapy. We will highlight new targets involved in radioresistance, discovered in vitro, and that could have an impact in new treatments for glioblastoma, which remains a lethal tumor. Recent Findings So far, clinical studies did not show any efficacy for patients except the one involving tumor-treating fields. For the last decade, it has been discovered within the tumor the presence of a sub-population of glioblastoma stem cells shown to be highly tumorigenic with high plasticity properties and radioresistant and that can explain the high glioblastoma recurrence rate. Recently published studies in glioblastoma stem cells highlighted new pathways that could be targeted concomitantly with radiotherapy in future clinical trials. Moreover, targeted therapies should be adapted to the individual molecular profile of the tumor, during the treatment.