A Conjugated Copolymer Bearing Imidazolium-based Ionic Liquid: Electrochemical Synthesis and Electrochromic Properties

An imidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL) modified triphenylamine derivative, namely 1-(4-((4-(diphenylamino)benzoyl) oxy)butyl)-3-methyl imidazole tetrafluoroborate (TPAC(6)IL-BF4), was designed and synthesized, and further applied with 3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene (EDOT) to prepare conjugated copolymer P(EDOT:TPAC(6)IL-BF4) via electrochemical polymerization. The cyclic voltammetry curves show that the copolymer P(EDOT:TPAC(6)IL-BF4) possesses two pairs of redox peaks, which should be ascribed to the redox behaviors of EDOT and triphenylamine. The ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectrum of P(EDOT:TPAC(6)IL-BF4) exhibits one maximum absorption peak at 580 nm and a small shoulder characteristic peak at 385 nm under neutral state which are assigned to pi-pi* conjugated structure of EDOT and triphenylamine. After being applied at the positive voltage, the copolymer color changes from dark blue to light blue, which is close to the color of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). Surprisingly, the copolymer P(EDOT:TPAC(6)IL-BF4) shows shorter switching time of 0.37 s, 0.30 s at 580 nm and 0.38 s, 0.45 s at 1100 nm compared with PEDOT. It is more intriguing that the copolymer P(EDOT:TPAC(6)IL-BF4) exhibits electrochromism even in free supporting electrolyte. The results confirm that the existence of imidazolium-based ionic liquid has an improvement on the ion diffusion properties and the switching time of conjugated polymer, which may provide a potential direction for the preparation of high-performance electrochromic materials.

Automated summary

An imidazolium-based ionic liquid modified triphenylamine derivative was synthesized and utilized to prepare a conjugated copolymer P(EDOT:TPAC(6)IL-BF4) with improved redox properties and UV-Vis absorption characteristics. The copolymer exhibited excellent electrochromic behavior even in the absence of supporting electrolyte, indicating its potential for high-performance electrochromic materials.