Journal
CHINESE JOURNAL OF AERONAUTICS
Volume 34, Issue 9, Pages 1-10Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.cja.2020.11.016
Keywords
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS); BeiDou-3; Small satellites; Bistatic radar; GNSS Reflectometry (GNSS-R); CYGNSS; Tropical cyclone; Flood inundation
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Funding
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [ESP2015-70014-C2-2-R]
- EU/FEDER [ESP2015-70014-C2-2-R]
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Projects of Shanghai [17220730600]
- ESA-MOST China Dragon5 Program [58070]
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The complete deployment of the BeiDou-3 constellation allows for its use as a source of illumination for Earth Observation through GNSS-R, providing high-resolution measurements of Earth surface characteristics. The feasibility of using spaceborne BeiDou-3 reflections for applications such as sea surface wind and flooding detection has been demonstrated, opening up new possibilities for future spaceborne GNSS-R instruments and missions.
The full constellation of Chinese Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) BeiDou-3 has been deployed completely and started fully operational service. In addition to providing global Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) services, the BeiDou-3 satellites transmissions can also be used as the sources of illumination for Earth Observation (EO) with a bistatic radar configura-tion. This innovative EO concept, known as GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R), allows to measure the Earth surface characteristics at high resolution via the reflected L-band radar signals collected by a constellation of small, low cost and low Earth orbiting satellites. For the first time in orbit, earth reflected BeiDou-3 signal has been detected from the limited sets of raw data collected by the NASA's Cyclone GNSS (CYGNSS) constellation. The feasibility of spaceborne BeiDou-3 reflec-tions on two typical applications, including sea surface wind and flooding inundation detection, has been demonstrated. The methodology and results give new strength to the prospect of new spaceborne GNSS-R instruments and missions, which can make multi-GNSS reflectometry obser-vations available to better capture rapidly changing weather systems at better spatio-temporal scales. (c) 2021 Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Production and hosting by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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