Journal
CHEMOSPHERE
Volume 263, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128325
Keywords
Organic-diffusive gradients in thin films; Perfluorinated alkyl acids; Diffusion coefficients; Passive sampling
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21777057]
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Canada Research Chairs Program
- Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship
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The study evaluated the use of o-DGT for monitoring PFAS in water, finding that in-situ sampling rates can be predicted using measured diffusion coefficients. The configurations of o-DGT tested provide a cost-effective monitoring tool for measuring perfluorinated alkyl acids in aquatic systems, particularly for four PFAS with reasonable correlations.
The application of the organic-diffusive gradients in thin films (o-DGT) passive sampling technique for the monitoring of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the environment is still limited. Six common PFAS with different chain lengths were evaluated in water by o-DGT. Measured diffusion coefficients (D) in agarose and polyacrylamide diffusive gels ranged from 4.55-8.63 x 10(-6) cm(2) s(-1) and 3.85-7.00 x 10(-6) cm(2) s(-1) at 23 degrees C, respectively. Experimental sampling rates (Rs) for both agarose- and polyacrylamide-WAX sampler configurations were within 22% relative error of D-based Rs for four of the PFAS. Larger differences for perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) ranged from 36% to 56%. In general, in-situ Rs can be predicted using measured D-values for perfluorinated alkyl acids. The mass accumulation of six PFAS in two o-DGT configurations was linear over 21 days (R-2 >= 0.97). Diffusion and uptake of o-DGT depended on the gel type and specific PFAS. Field demonstrations of o-DGT with WAX and HLB binding gels and polyacrylamide diffusive gels (not prone to biodegradation) found 0.3-19.5 ng L-1 of PFAS in rivers near industrial areas around Guangzhou and Foshan, China, with no apparent differences between the two co-deployed samplers. This study demonstrates that the configurations of o-DGT tested provide a cost-effective monitoring tool for measuring perfluorinated alkyl acids in aquatic systems, in particular the four PFAS for which reasonable correlations were observed. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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