4.6 Review

Small Molecular Fluorescent Probes for Imaging of Viscosity in Living Biosystems

Journal

CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
Volume 27, Issue 23, Pages 6880-6898

Publisher

WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004888

Keywords

fluorescent probes; imaging; in vivo; small molecules; viscosity

Funding

  1. National Natural Science Foundation of China [21907058, 91753111, 22074083, 21927811]
  2. Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province [2018YFJH0502]
  3. National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for Significant New Drugs Development [2017ZX09301030004]
  4. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals [2019FCCEKL04]
  5. Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education [2018KLMNP02]

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Viscosity, as a crucial microenvironment parameter, is closely connected to various cellular processes and diseases. The visualization of viscosity has gained increasing interest in recent years, leading to the development of new fluorescence probes for mapping viscosity inside living organisms. This review comprehensively summarizes viscosity-sensitive small molecular fluorescent probes used in bioimaging, with a focus on the past three years, while also discussing the current challenges and opportunities for developing viscosity-specific fluorescent probes.
Viscosity, as a vital microenvironment parameter, is tightly associated with multitudinous cellular processes and diseases. Recently, precise visualization of viscosity has started to arouse more and more interest. However, owing to the complicated character, it is still a huge challenge to directly observe viscosity in living systems. In this regard, mounting fluorescence probes are being increasingly fabricated to map viscosity inside live cells and small animals. In this minireview, the viscosity-sensitive small molecular fluorescent probes used in bioimaging are comprehensively summarized, mainly focusing on the last three years. Moreover, the current challenges and opportunities for the development of viscosity-specific fluorescent probes will be discussed.

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