Journal
CHEMICAL REVIEWS
Volume 121, Issue 12, Pages 6699-6717Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00832
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- Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC)
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Bioorthogonal chemical reactions involving nitrones have been optimized for efficient incorporation of unnatural functionality into living systems, with fast reaction rates. These reactions provide versatile tools for probing biological systems and have potential applications in biology.
Bioorthogonal chemical reactions have emerged as convenient and rapid methods for incorporating unnatural functionality into living systems. Different prototype reactions have been optimized for use in biological settings. Optimization of 3 + 2 dipolar cycloadditions involving nitrones has resulted in highly efficient reaction conditions for bioorthogonal chemistry. Through substitution at the nitrone carbon or nitrogen atom, stereoelectronic tuning of the reactivity of the dipole has assisted in optimizing reactivity. Nitrones have been shown to react rapidly with cyclooctynes with bimolecular rate constants approaching k(2) = 10(2) M-1 s(-1), which are among the fastest bioorthogonal reactions reported (McKay et al. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2012, 10, 3066-3070). Nitrones have also been shown to react with trans-cyclooctenes (TCO) in strain-promoted TCO-nitrone cycloadditions reactions. Copper catalyzed reactions involving alkynes and nitrones have also been optimized for applications in biology. This review provides a comprehensive accounting of the different bioorthogonal reactions that have been developed using nitrones as versatile reactants, and provides some recent examples of applications for probing biological systems.
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