Synergistic effects of Si3N4 and CNT on densification and properties of TiC ceramics

A novel TiC-based material was fabricated by introducing Si3N4 and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) additives to enhance the thermal conductivity, flexural strength, and hardness of TiC. Spark plasma sintering route was used to produce four different specimens of TiC, TiC-5 wt% CNTs, TiC-5 wt% Si3N4, and TiC-5 wt% CNTs-5 wt% Si3N4. Though the individual impact of both additives on the relative density of TiC was detrimental, the co-addition of them resulted in a near fully dense composite. According to the results, some carbon left the crystalline structure of TiC, deposited at the grain boundaries as graphite flakes. However, the presence of CNTs in the microstructure stopped the formation of such flakes. The incorporated Si3N4 was completely used up over the SPS process, assisting in the in-situ generation of SiC. Additionally, the co-addition of Si3N4 and CNTs led to a decline in the mean grain size of the TiC matrix by almost 30%. Apart from this effect, the presence of both these additives provided a wider range of particle size and morphology, leading to a denser microstructure. However, the role of the added CNTs in promoting some chemical reactions in lower temperatures in the ternary system should not be overlooked. Finally, the ceramic co-reinforced with both additives presented the highest values of thermal conductivity (19.2 W/mK), hardness (3213 HV0.1 (kg)), and flexural strength (530 MPa).

Automated summary

The addition of Si3N4 and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to TiC improves its thermal conductivity, flexural strength, and hardness. Both additives individually had negative effects on TiC density, but together they resulted in a near fully dense composite. The combination of Si3N4 and CNTs led to smaller grain size, denser microstructure, and increased thermal conductivity, hardness, and flexural strength in the ceramic.