Journal
CELL
Volume 184, Issue 1, Pages 169-+Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.029
Keywords
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Funding
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1156262]
- BWF [1018486]
- COVID Pilot grant
- Emergent Ventures Fast Grant
- SCRI, Research Integration Hub Covid-19 Award
- [NIH2T32 AI106677]
- [NIH R01AI127726]
- [NIH U19AI125378-S1]
- [NIH R01AI150178-01S1]
- [NIH TL1 TR002318]
- [NIH U01AI142001-02S1]
- [R01AI118803]
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The study found that individuals recovered from mild COVID-19 develop sustained SARS-CoV-2-specific immunological memory for at least 3 months, including immunoglobulin antibodies, neutralizing plasma, and memory B and T cells. These memory lymphocytes exhibit potent antiviral function, aiding in immune defense.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is causing a global pandemic, and cases continue to rise. Most infected individuals experience mildly symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but it is unknown whether this can induce persistent immune memory that could contribute to immunity. We performed a longitudinal assessment of individuals recovered from mild COVID-19 to determine whether they develop and sustain multifaceted SARS-CoV-2-specific immunological memory. Recovered individuals developed SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulin (IgG) antibodies, neutralizing plasma, and memory B and memory T cells that persisted for at least 3 months. Our data further reveal that SARS-CoV-2specific IgG memory B cells increased over time. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2-specific memory lymphocytes exhibited characteristics associated with potent antiviral function: memory T cells secreted cytokines and expanded upon antigen re-encounter, whereas memory B cells expressed receptors capable of neutralizing virus when expressed as monoclonal antibodies. Therefore, mild COVID-19 elicits memory lymphocytes that persist and display functional hallmarks of antiviral immunity.
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