Journal
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
Volume 251, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117018
Keywords
Cellulose nanofiber; Deep eutectic solvents; Esterification; High yield
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31870565]
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province [BK20181397]
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2020M671505]
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This study utilized carboxylic acid-based deep eutectic solvents for pretreating cellulose, resulting in the production of cellulose nanofibers with widths less than 100 nm through simultaneous esterification modifications. Esterification modifications prevented over-hydrolysis and dissolution of cellulose while maintaining the cellulose I crystal structure. The esterified cellulose nanofibers showed improved dispersibility and interfacial compatibility with polylactic acid, leading to mechanical enhancement of CNF/PLA composites.
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), as emerging green solvents, provide a new opportunity for the biorefinement of biomass, component extraction, and cellulose nanofibrillation. Herein, different carboxylic acid-based DESs were applied for preparation of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from cellulose raw materials accompanied by simultaneous esterification modifications of CNFs. The results showed that pretreatment of DESs combined with mechanical treatment can swell and esterify the cellulose materials, producing CNFs with widths less than 100 nm. The DES pretreatment temperature played important roles in the esterification modifications and nanofibrillation of cellulose. The esterification modifications of cellulose prevented the over-hydrolysis and dissolution of cellulose during the DES pretreatment, guaranteeing CNFs with high yields of 72 %-88 % and maintaining the cellulose I crystal structure. Moreover, the esterified CNFs were used as a reinforcement to prepare CNF-strengthened polylactic acid (PLA) composites. The surface esterification of the CNFs improved their dispersibility and interfacial compatibility with PLA, thereby achieving the mechanical enhancement of CNF/PLA composites.
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