Journal
CANCER RESEARCH
Volume 81, Issue 5, Pages 1189-1200Publisher
AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH
DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-20-0373
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Funding
- NIH [S10 OD023485, S10 OD023491, S10 OD027023, S10 OD018094]
- University of Colorado [P30 CA046934]
- University of Southwestern CCSG Cancer Center [CA142543]
- University of Colorado Clinical Translational Institute [UL1 TR002535]
- Nutritional and Obesity Research Center [P30 DK048520]
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Technological advances in cancer imaging in animal models allow for sophisticated, noninvasive exploration of molecular and physiological events, providing new opportunities for research and drug development.
In animal models of cancer, oncologic imaging has evolved from a simple assessment of tumor location and size to sophisticated multimodality exploration of molecular, physiologic, genetic, immunologic, and biochemical events at microscopic to macroscopic levels, performed noninvasively and sometimes in real time. Here, we briefly review animal imaging technology and molecular imaging probes together with selected applications from recent literature. Fast and sensitive optical imaging is primarily used to track luciferase-expressing tumor cells, image molecular targets with fluorescence probes, and to report on metabolic and physiologic phenotypes using smart switchable luminescent probes. MicroPET/single-photon emission CT have proven to be two of the most translational modalities for molecular and metabolic imaging of cancers: immuno-PET is a promising and rapidly evolving area of imaging research. Sophisticated MRI techniques provide high-resolution images of small metastases, tumor inflammation, perfusion, oxygenation, and acidity. Disseminated tumors to the bone and lung are easily detected by microCT, while ultrasound provides real-time visualization of tumor vasculature and perfusion. Recently available photoacoustic imaging provides real-time evaluation of vascular patency, oxygenation, and nanoparticle distributions. New hybrid instruments, such as PET-MRI, promise more convenient combination of the capabilities of each modality, enabling enhanced research efficacy and throughput.
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