Journal
BULLETIN DU CANCER
Volume 108, Issue 3, Pages 304-322Publisher
ELSEVIER MASSON, CORP OFF
DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2020.11.004
Keywords
Autophagy; Mechanism; Regulation; Cancer; Apoptosis
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Funding
- Provincial natural science research program of higher education institutions of Anhui province [KJ2017A099]
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Autophagy is a process in cells where autophagosomes are formed to degrade cellular contents for cell homeostasis. It involves complex regulatory mechanisms and multiple signaling pathways. Autophagy and apoptosis share common stimulating factors and regulatory proteins, but differ in their induction thresholds.
Autophagy refers to the formation of autophagosomes by membrane wrapping part of the cytoplasm and the organelles and proteins that need to be degraded in the cells. Autophagosomes are fused with lysosomes to form autophagolysosome, which degrade the contents of the inclusions, to achieve cell homeostasis and organelle renewal. The regulatory mechanism of autophagy is complex, and its upstream signaling pathway mainly involves mTOR dependent pathway and mTOR independent pathway (AMPK, PI3K, Ras-MAPK, p53, PTEN, endoplasmic reticulum stress). Autophagy is a phenomenon of self-eating'' in cells. Apoptosis is a phenomenon of self-killing''. Both of them share the same stimulating factors and regulatory proteins, but the threshold of induction is different. How to transform and coordinate is not clear at present. This paper summarizes the history of autophagy discovery, the structure and function of related molecules, the biological function of autophagy, the regulatory mechanism and the research results of the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis.
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