Journal
BRIEFINGS IN FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS
Volume 20, Issue 2, Pages 125-134Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elaa027
Keywords
tRNA modification; convergent evolution; translation
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tRNA modifications play a crucial role in tRNA function and stability, with specific modification patterns in different domains of life. Some modifications have similar functions across domains, and enzymes synthesizing the same modification in different organisms may have evolved independently.
Transfer ribonucleicacids (RNAs) (tRNAs) are essential adaptor molecules for translation. The functions and stability of tRNAs are modulated by their post-transcriptional modifications (tRNA modifications). Each domain of life has a specific set of modifications that include ones shared in multiple domains and ones specific to a domain. In some cases, different tRNA modifications across domains have similar functions to each other. Recent studies uncovered that distinct enzymes synthesize the same modification in different organisms, suggesting that such modifications are acquired through independent evolution. In this short review, I outline the mechanisms by which various modifications contribute to tRNA function, including modulation of decoding and tRNA stability, using recent findings. I also focus on modifications that are synthesized by distinct biosynthetic pathways.
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