Journal
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
Volume 133, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110917
Keywords
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi.; Active pharmaceutical constituent; Cytokine storm; Anti-inflammatory; Review
Funding
- National Science and Technology Major Project [2018ZX09721003]
- Chinese government
- Medical and Health Science and Technology Innovation Project [CIFMS-2019-I2M-1-005]
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
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Scutellaria baicalensis, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, has diverse biological activities and can directly modulate immune cells and inhibit inflammatory mediators. Its active compounds may be promising candidates for preventing infection-related cytokine storms.
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi., a plant used in traditional Chinese medicine, has multiple biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitumor, antioxidant, and antibacterial effects, and can be used to treat respiratory tract infections, pneumonia, colitis, hepatitis, and allergic diseases. The main active substances of S. baicalensis, baicalein, baicalin, wogonin, wogonoside, and oroxylin A, can act directly on immune cells such as lymphocytes, macrophages, mast cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, and neutrophils, and inhibit the production of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha, and other inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and reactive oxygen species. The molecular mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of the active compounds of S. baicalensis include downregulation of toll-like receptors, activation of the Nrf2 and PPAR signaling pathways, and inhibition of the nuclear thioredoxin system and inflammation-associated pathways such as those of MAPK, Akt, NF kappa B, and JAK-STAT. Given that in addition to the downregulation of cytokine production, the active constituents of S. baicalensis also have antiviral and antibacterial effects, they may be more promising candidate therapeutics for the prevention of infection-related cytokine storms than are drugs having only antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory activities.
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