EMT, cancer stem cells and autophagy; The three main axes of metastasis

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are major factors contributing to the metastasis of cancer cells. Consequently, the signaling pathways involved in both processes are appropriate therapeutic targets in the treatment of metastasis. Autophagy is another process that has recently attracted the attention of many researchers; depending on the type of cancer and tissue and the stage of cancer, this process can play a dual role in the development of cancer cells. Studies on cancer cells have shown that different signaling pathways are involved in all three processes, namely, cancer stem cells, autophagy, and EMT. The purpose of this study was to investigate and elucidate the relationship between the effective signaling pathways in all three processes, which could play an effective role in determining appropriate therapeutic goals.

Automated summary

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are major factors contributing to cancer cell metastasis. Autophagy has recently gained attention, playing a dual role in cancer cell development depending on cancer type, tissue, and stage. Studies show different signaling pathways are involved in cancer stem cells, autophagy, and EMT. Investigating effective signaling pathways in all three processes could help determine appropriate therapeutic goals.