Journal
DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
Volume 131, Issue -, Pages 28-40Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.10.003
Keywords
Sea-ice; Floe size distribution; Ice melting; Scale invariance
Categories
Funding
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- the Royal Society of New Zealand
- JSPS KAKENHI [24.510001, 25.03748]
- New Zealand Foundation of Research Science and Technology Postdoctoral award
- Marsden Fund Council
- NIWA through National Climate Centre Climate Dynamics Programme
- Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre
- Australian Antarctic Science Project [4073]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [13F03748, 16K00511] Funding Source: KAKEN
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To understand the behavior of the Seasonal Ice Zone (SIZ), which is composed of sea-ice floes of various sizes, knowledge of the floe size distribution (FSD) is important. In particular, FSD in the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ), controlled by wave-ice interaction, plays an important role in determining the retreating rates of sea-ice extent on a global scale because the cumulative perimeter of floes enhances melting. To improve the understanding of-wave-ice interaction and subsequent effects on FSD in the MIZ, FSD measurements were conducted off East Antarctica during the second Sea Ice Physics and Ecosystems eXperiment (SIPEX-2) in late winter 2012. Since logistical reasons limited helicopter operations to two interior ice regions, FSD in the interior ice region was determined using a combination of heli-photos and MODIS satellite visible images. The possible effect of wave-ice interaction in the MIZ was examined by comparison with past results obtained in the same MIZ, with our analysis showing: (1) FSD in the interior ice region is basically scale invariant for both small- (< 100 m) and large- (> 1 km) scale regimes; (2) although fractal dimensions are quite different between these two regimes, they are both rather close to that in the MIZ; and (3) for floes < 100 m in diameter, a regime shift which appeared at 20-40 m in the MIZ is absent. These results indicate that one role of wave-ice interaction is to modulate the FSD that already exists in the interior ice region, rather than directly determine it. The possibilities of floe-floe collisions and storm-induced lead formation are considered as, possible formation processes of FSD in the interior pack. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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