Journal
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
Volume 647, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
EDP SCIENCES S A
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202039737
Keywords
minor planets; asteroids: general; comets: general; Kuiper belt: general; Oort Cloud; techniques: photometric; surveys
Categories
Funding
- Slovak Academy of Sciences [VEGA 2/0023/18]
- Slovak Research and Development Agency [APVV-19-0072]
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science
- Center for High-Performance Computing at the University of Utah
- Brazilian Participation Group
- Carnegie Institution for Science
- Carnegie Mellon University
- Chilean Participation Group
- French Participation Group
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias
- Johns Hopkins University
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU)/University of Tokyo
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Leibniz Institut fur Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP)
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg)
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Astrophysik (MPA Garching)
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE)
- National Astronomical Observatories of China
- New Mexico State University
- New York University
- University of Notre Dame
- Observatorio Nacional/MCTI
- Ohio State University
- Pennsylvania State University
- Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
- United Kingdom Participation Group
- Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico
- University of Arizona
- University of Colorado Boulder
- University of Oxford
- University of Portsmouth
- University of Utah
- University of Virginia
- University of Washington
- University of Wisconsin
- Vanderbilt University
- Yale University
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the Planetary Science Division of the NASA Science Mission Directorate [NNX08AR22G]
- National Science Foundation [AST-1238877]
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This study investigates the surface properties and orbital dynamics of six high-inclination objects through BVRI photometric observations and numerical simulations. The colors of these objects are similar to moderately red TNOs and grey Centaurs, and no ultra-red material was found on their surfaces. Additionally, one comet shows complex morphology with structures possibly related to ejected particles from the nucleus.
Context. Less than one percent of the discovered small Solar System objects have highly inclined orbits (i > 60 degrees), and revolve around the Sun on near-polar or retrograde orbits. The origin and evolutionary history of these objects are not yet clear.Aims. In this work we study the surface properties and orbital dynamics of selected high-inclination objects.Methods. BVRI photometric observations were performed in 2019-2020 using the 2.0 m telescope at the Terskol Observatory and the 2.6 m telescope at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory. Additionally, we searched for high-inclination objects in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and Pan-STARRS. The dynamics of the selected objects was studied using numerical simulations.Results. We obtained new photometric observations of six high-inclination objects (468861) 2013 LU28, (517717) 2015 KZ120, 2020 EP, A/2019 U5 (A/PanSTARRS), C/2018 DO4 (Lemmon), and C/2019 O3 (Palomar). All of the objects have similar B-V, V -R, R-I colours, which are close to those of moderately red TNOs and grey Centaurs. The photometric data that were extracted from the all-sky surveys also correspond to moderately red surfaces of high-inclination objects. No signs of ultra-red material on the surface of high-inclination asteroids were found, which supports the results of previous works. The comet C/2018 DO4 (Lemmon) revealed some complex morphology with structures that could be associated with particles that were ejected from the cometary nucleus. Its value of the parameter Af rho is around 100 cm for the aperture size of 6000 km. The value of Af rho for the hyperbolic comet C/2019 O3 (Palomar) is much larger, and is in the range from 2000 to 3700 cm for the aperture sizes from 25 000 to 60 000 km. For objects 2013 LU28, 2015 KZ120, and 2020 EP we estimated future and past lifetimes on their orbits. It appears that the orbits of considered objects are strongly chaotic, and with the available accuracy of the orbital elements no reliable predictions can be made about their distant past or future. The lifetimes of high-inclination objects turned out to be highly non-sensitive to the precision of the orbital elements, and to the Yarkovsky orbital drift.
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