Type Ic supernovae from the (intermediate) Palomar Transient Factory

Context. Type Ic supernovae represent the explosions of the most stripped massive stars, but their progenitors and explosion mechanisms remain unclear. Larger samples of observed supernovae can help characterize the population of these transients. Aims. We present an analysis of 44 spectroscopically normal Type Ic supernovae, with focus on the light curves. The photometric data were obtained over 7 years with the Palomar Transient Factory and its continuation, the intermediate Palomar Transient Factory. This is the first homogeneous and large sample of SNe Ic from an untargeted survey, and we aim to estimate explosion parameters for the sample. Methods. We present K-corrected Bgriz light curves of these SNe, obtained through photometry on template-subtracted images. We performed an analysis on the shape of the r-band light curves and confirmed the correlation between the rise parameter m 10 and the decline parameter m15. Peak r-band absolute magnitudes have an average of 17:71 +/- 0:85 mag. To derive the explosion epochs, we fit the r-band lightcurves to a template derived from a well-sampled light curve. We computed the bolometric light curves using r and g band data, g r colors and bolometric corrections. Bolometric light curves and Fe ii 5169 velocities at peak were used to fit to the Arnett semianalytic model in order to estimate the ejecta mass Mej, the explosion energy EK and the mass of radioactive nickel M(56Ni) for each SN. Results. Including 41 SNe, we find average values of hMej i = 4 :50 +/- 0 :79 M fi, hEK i = 1 :79 +/- 0 :29 X 1051 erg, and h M56Ni i = 0:19 X 0:03 M fi. The explosion-parameter distributions are comparable to those available in the literature, but our large sample also includes some transients with narrow and very broad light curves leading to more extreme ejecta masses values.

Automated summary

The study analyzed 44 spectroscopically normal Type Ic supernovae, focusing on the light curves. The results showed average explosion parameters of 4.50 +/- 0.79 solar masses for ejecta mass Mej, 1.79 +/- 0.29 X 10^51 erg for explosion energy EK, and 0.19 +/- 0.03 solar masses for radioactive nickel mass M(56Ni). The distributions of explosion parameters were comparable to those in the literature, with some extreme values observed in the sample.