Journal
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
Volume 41, Issue 2, Pages E97-E111Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.120.314641
Keywords
blood platelet; fibrin; microfluidics; platelet aggregation; thrombin
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Funding
- Maastricht and Birmingham Universities
- European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie SklodowskaCurie grant [766118]
- Wellcome Trust Joint Investigator Award [204951/Z/16/Z]
- British Heart Foundation Chair [CH/03/003]
- Wellcome Trust [204951/Z/16/Z] Funding Source: Wellcome Trust
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The study revealed that fibrin fibers play a consolidating role in microthrombus formation through nonredundant signaling of platelet glycoprotein VI and integrin alpha IIb beta 3 via Syk and low-level Ca2+ rises, even in the absence of thrombin, leading to minimal thrombin generation.
Objective: Fibrin is considered to strengthen thrombus formation via integrin alpha IIb beta 3, but recent findings indicate that fibrin can also act as ligand for platelet glycoprotein VI. Approach and Results: To investigate the thrombus-forming potential of fibrin and the roles of platelet receptors herein, we generated a range of immobilized fibrin surfaces, some of which were cross-linked with factor XIIIa and contained VWF-BP (von Willebrand factor-binding peptide). Multicolor microfluidics assays with whole-blood flowed at high shear rate (1000 s(-1)) indicated that the fibrin surfaces, regardless of the presence of factor XIIIa or VWF-BP, supported platelet adhesion and activation (P-selectin expression), but only microthrombi were formed consisting of bilayers of platelets. Fibrinogen surfaces produced similar microthrombi. Markedly, tiggering of coagulation with tissue factor or blocking of thrombin no more than moderately affected the fibrin-induced microthrombus formation. Absence of alpha IIb beta 3 in Glanzmann thrombasthenia annulled platelet adhesion. Blocking of glycoprotein VI with Fab 9O12 substantially, but incompletely reduced platelet secretion, Ca2+ signaling and aggregation, while inhibition of Syk further reduced these responses. In platelet suspension, glycoprotein VI blockage or Syk inhibition prevented fibrin-induced platelet aggregation. Microthrombi on fibrin surfaces triggered only minimal thrombin generation, in spite of thrombin binding to the fibrin fibers. Conclusions: Together, these results indicate that fibrin fibers, regardless of their way of formation, act as a consolidating surface in microthrombus formation via nonredundant roles of platelet glycoprotein VI and integrin alpha IIb beta 3 through signaling via Syk and low-level Ca2+ rises.
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