4.5 Article

Physiological responses to facemask application in newborns immediately after birth

Journal

Publisher

BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-320198

Keywords

neonatology; resuscitation

Categories

Funding

  1. National Health and Medical Research Council Program [1113902, 1059111, 1073533]
  2. Endeavour Research Fellowship (Australia) [ERF_RDDH_5276_2016]
  3. German Research Society (DFG) [LO 2162/1-1]
  4. intramural TUFF Habilitation Program (TUFF) [2459-0-0]
  5. Swiss National Science Foundation [P2ZHP3_161749]
  6. National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia [1073533] Funding Source: NHMRC
  7. Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [P2ZHP3_161749] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)

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The application of a face mask during neonatal stabilisation in term and late-preterm infants can lead to apnoea and bradycardia, with a higher incidence after the first application compared to subsequent ones. Healthcare providers need to be aware of these effects and be vigilant when using a face mask on newborn infants.
Objective Application of a face mask may induce apnoea and bradycardia, possibly via the trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR). We aimed to describe rates of apnoea and bradycardia in term and late-preterm infants following facemask application during neonatal stabilisation and compare the effects of first facemask application with subsequent applications. Design Subgroup analysis of a prospective, randomised trial comparing two face masks. Setting Single-centre study in the delivery room Patients Infants>34 weeks gestational age at birth Methods Resuscitations were video recorded. Airway flow and pressure were measured using a flow sensor. The effect of first and subsequent facemask applications on spontaneously breathing infants were noted. When available, flow waveforms as well as heart rate (HR) were assessed 20 s before and 30 s after each facemask application. Results In total, 128 facemask applications were evaluated. In eleven percent of facemask applications infants stopped breathing. The first application was associated with a higher rate of apnoea than subsequent applications (29% vs 8%, OR (95% CI)=4.76 (1.41-16.67), p=0.012). On aggregate, there was no change in median HR over time. In the interventions associated with apnoea, HR dropped by 38bpm [median (IQR) at time of facemask application: 134bpm (134-150) vs 96bpm (94-102) 20 s after application; p=0.25] and recovered within 30 s. Conclusions Facemask applications in term and late-preterm infants during neonatal stabilisation are associated with apnoea and this effect is more pronounced after the first compared with subsequent applications. Healthcare providers should be aware of the TCR and vigilant when applying a face mask to newborn infants.

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