Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as a potential therapeutic target for vitiligo

Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease of the skin which causes loss of melanocytes from the epidermis. Recently, it is demonstrated that oxidative stress (OS) plays a significant role in the immuno-pathogenesis of vitiligo. A major mechanism in the cellular defense against OS is activation of the nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor (Nrf2)-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap1)-antioxidant responsive element (ARE) signaling pathway. Recently it has been shown that vitiligo melanocytes have impaired Nrf2-ARE signaling. A number of drugs including those known as Nrf2 activators and those known to possess effects to activate Nrf2, have been used in treating vitiligo with certain therapeutic effects. Also, studies have shown that a number of compounds can protect melanocytes against OS via activating Nrf2. These compounds may be considered as candidates for developing new drugs for vitiligo in the future. Nrf2 can be considered as a potential therapeutic target for vitiligo.