Can renewable generation, energy storage and energy efficient technologies enable carbon neutral energy transition?

Energy system decarbonization has been a critical measure to combat climate change, and an optimization framework modelling this process would facilitate designing cost-effective energy transition pathways. In this study, a bottom-up optimization framework for energy transitions is developed, which bridges the decarbonization processes for the power sector and the space heating sector, while considering energy system stability, climate targets and scheduled system changes. Our results show that the decarbonization goals of New York State are feasible for electricity and space heating energy system. By 2050, Offshore wind would be the main electricity source that generates 66% of power, while air source heat pumps and geothermal technologies would provide 47% and 41% of heat demands, respectively. It is also discussed how the results can facilitate developing energy transition policies regarding carbon price and geothermal technologies. Our findings reveal the feasibility of carbon neutral energy transition using renewable generation, energy storage, and energy-efficient technologies.