Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY, VOL 90, 2021
Volume 90, Issue -, Pages 559-579Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-071520-112507
Keywords
fluoride; Fluc; FEX; CLC; ion channel; antiporter; membrane protein
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health [R35 GM128768]
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This review examines the microbial response to cytoplasmic accumulation of fluoride ions, specifically focusing on the structure and mechanisms of the CLCF family of F-/H+ antiporters and the Fluc/FEX family of F- channels. The research highlights advances made in the last decade towards understanding how microbes combat the toxic effects of fluoride ions.
Microorganisms contend with numerous and unusual chemical threats and have evolved a catalog of resistance mechanisms in response. One particularly ancient, pernicious threat is posed by fluoride ion (F-), a common xenobiotic in natural environments that causes broad-spectrum harm to metabolic pathways. This review focuses on advances in the last ten years toward understanding the microbial response to cytoplasmic accumulation of F-, with a special emphasis on the structure and mechanisms of the proteins that microbes use to export fluoride: the CLCF family of F-/H+ antiporters and the Fluc/FEX family of F- channels.
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