Journal
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
Volume 1494, Issue 1, Pages 44-58Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14564
Keywords
anxiety; dual task; motor control; upper limb; Parkinson' s disease
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Funding
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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This study found that Parkinson's disease patients with high levels of anxiety exhibit greater motor control deficits in dual-task conditions, with dopaminergic medication having no effect on grasp kinematics. The results suggest that high levels of anxiety may worsen upper limb motor control inefficiency in PD patients, especially in high demanding cognitive conditions.
Anxiety is among the most debilitating nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to determine how PD patients with low and high levels of anxiety (LA-PD and HA-PD, respectively) compare with age- and sex-matched controls at the level of motor control of reach-to-grasp movements during single- and dual-task conditions with varying complexity. Reach-to-grasp movement kinematics were assessed in 20 LA-PD, 20 HA-PD, and 20 sex- and age-matched healthy controls under single- as well as easy and difficult dual-task conditions. Assessment of PD patients was performed during both the on- and off-drug phases. The results obtained during dual-task conditions reveal deficits in both reach and grasp components for all three groups (e.g., decreased peak velocity and delayed maximum hand opening). However, these deficits were significantly greater in the PD groups, especially in the HA-PD group. Although dopaminergic medication improved reach kinematics, it had no effect on grasp kinematics. The results of our study indicated that high levels of anxiety may enhance the inefficiency of upper limb motor control in PD patients, especially during high demanding cognitive conditions, and should, therefore, be considered in the assessment and planning of interventions for upper limb function in these patients.
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