4.5 Article

Population Structure and Migration Patterns of the Tsetse Fly Glossina fuscipes in Congo-Brazzaville

Journal

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
Volume 104, Issue 3, Pages 917-927

Publisher

AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0774

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Funding

  1. Pan African University of Sciences Technology and Innovation (PAUSTI)

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The study of genetic diversity of Glossina fuscipes in the Congo revealed high genetic diversity, genetic differentiation, genetic information exchange, and the impact of human intervention.
Tsetse flies of the palpalis group, particularly Glossina fuscipes, are the main vectors of human African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness in Congo-Brazzaville. They transmit the deadly human parasite, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and other trypanosomes that cause animal trypanosomiasis. Knowledge on diversity, population structure, population size, and gene flow isa prerequisite for designing effective tsetse control strategies. There is limited published information on these parameters including migration patterns of G. fuscipes in Congo-Brazzaville. We geno-typed 288 samples of G. fuscipes from Bomassa (BMSA), Bouemba (BEMB), and Talangai (TLG) locations at 10 micro-satellite loci and determined levels of genetic diversity, differentiation, structuring, and gene flow among populations. We observed high genetic diversity in all three localities. Mean expected heterozygosity was 0.77 +/- 0.04, and mean allelic richness was 11.2 +/- 1.35. Deficiency of heterozygosity was observed in all populations with positive and significant FIS values (0.077-0.149). Structure analysis revealed three clusters with genetic admixtures, evidence of closely related but potentially different taxa within G. fuscipes. Genetic differentiation indices were low but significant (FST = 0.049, P < 0.05), indicating ongoing gene flow countered with a stronger force of drift. We recorded significant migration from all the three populations, suggesting exchange of genetic information between and among locations. Ne estimates revealed high and infinite population sizes in BEMB and TLG. These critical factors should be considered when planning area-wide tsetse control interventions in the country to prevent resurgence of tsetse from relict populations and/or reinvasion of cleared habitats.

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