Pulmonary Macrophage Cell Death in Lung Health and Disease

Over the last several decades, our understanding of regulated-cell-death (RCD) pathways has increased dramatically. In addition to apoptosis and accidental cell death (primary necrosis), a diverse spectrum of RCD pathways has been delineated. In the lung, airway macrophages are critical for maintaining the functionality of airways via the clearance of inhaled particles, cell debris, and infectious agents. Exposure of these cells to pathogenic organisms or particles can induce a variety of RCD pathways that promote the release of danger signals into the lung. These responses have evolved to trigger the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system and thus offer protection against pathogens; yet they can also contribute to the development of lung injury and pathogenic immune responses. In this review, we discuss recent studies that suggest a critical role for airway-macrophage RCD pathways in promoting the release of pulmonary danger signals in health and disease.

Automated summary

Our understanding of regulated-cell-death pathways has expanded in recent decades, including a diverse spectrum of pathways besides apoptosis and primary necrosis. Airway macrophages play a critical role in maintaining airway functionality and may induce various RCD pathways when exposed to pathogenic organisms or particles. These pathways trigger immune responses, offering protection against pathogens while potentially contributing to lung injury and pathogenic immune responses.