Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 320, Issue 3, Pages H1102-H1111Publisher
AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00689.2020
Keywords
air pollution; arterial stiffness; greenness; ozone; PM2.5
Funding
- WellPoint Foundation
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [ES029846, ES019217, ES023716]
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Residential proximity to greenness is associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease and reduced effects of air pollutants on arterial stiffness. In areas with low greenness, PM2.5 and ozone were positively associated with arterial stiffness, while in areas with high greenness, this association was not significant. This suggests that living in green neighborhoods can mitigate the adverse cardiovascular effects of air pollution.
Residential proximity to greenness is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. However, it is unclear whether the beneficial effects of greenness are linked to a reduction in the effects of ambient air pollutants. We measured arterial stiffness in 73 participants with moderate to high CVD risk. Average levels of ambient PM2.5 and ozone were calculated from local monitoring stations. Residential greenness was estimated using satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for a 200-m and 1-km radius around each participant's home. Participants were 51% female, average age of 52 yr, and 79% had diagnosed hypertension. In multiple linear regression models, residential NDVI was negatively associated with augmentation index ( 3.8% per 0.1 NDVI). Ambient levels of PM2.5 [per interquartile range (IQR) of 6.9 mu g/m(3)] were positively associated with augmentation pressure (3.1mmHg), pulse pressure (5.9 mmHg), and aortic systolic pressure (8.1 mmHg). Ozone (per IQR of 0.03 ppm) was positively associated with augmentation index (5.5%), augmentation pressure (3.1mmHg), and aortic systolic pressure (10 mmHg). In areas of low greenness, both PM2.5 and ozone were positively associated with pulse pressure. Additionally, ozone was positively associated with augmentation pressure and systolic blood pressure. However, in areas of high greenness, there was no significant association between indices of arterial stiffness with either PM2.5 or ozone. Residential proximity to greenness is associated with lower values of arterial stiffness. Residential greenness may mitigate the adverse effects of PM2.5 and ozone on arterial stiffness. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Previous studies have linked proximity to green spaces with lower cardiovascular disease risk. However, the mechanisms underlying the salutary effects of green areas are not known. In our study of participants at risk of cardiovascular disease, we found that arterial stiffness was positively associated with short-term exposure to PM2.5, PM10, and ozone and inversely associated with greenness. The association between pollution and arterial stiffness was attenuated in areas of high greenness, suggesting that living green neighborhoods can lessen the adverse cardiovascular effects of air pollution.
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